What are DevOps best practices?

Key DevOps best practices include:

• Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
• Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)
• Monitoring and Logging
• Automated Testing
• Security as Code

What is the purpose of Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?

IaC enables automated and consistent provisioning of infrastructure using tools like Terraform, CloudFormation, and Ansible.

Why is version control important in DevOps?

Version control (e.g., Git) helps track changes, collaborate effectively, and rollback if needed.

What is Continuous Integration (CI)?

CI is the practice of frequently merging code changes into a shared repository and automatically testing them.

What are the key components of a CI/CD pipeline?

• Code commit
• Build
• Test
• Deploy
• Monitor

What is the difference between Continuous Deployment and Continuous Delivery?

• Continuous Delivery: Automated testing, but manual deployment approval.
• Continuous Deployment: Fully automated release process.

What is the importance of automated testing in DevOps?

Automated testing ensures code quality, catches bugs early, and speeds up deployment.

What is the purpose of monitoring in DevOps?

Monitoring tools (e.g., Prometheus, Grafana, ELK) track system performance and detect issues in real-time.

What are blue-green deployments?

A deployment strategy where two environments (blue & green) run simultaneously, allowing easy rollback in case of failure.

What is the role of logging in DevOps?

Logging helps in troubleshooting, analyzing trends, and ensuring application reliability.

What is shift-left testing in DevOps?

Shift-left means testing earlier in the development lifecycle to catch bugs sooner.

What is feature flagging?

Feature flags allow enabling or disabling features without deploying new code.

What is immutable infrastructure?

Infrastructure that is replaced rather than modified to ensure consistency.

What are rolling deployments?

A deployment strategy that gradually updates instances to avoid downtime.

What is canary deployment?

A method where new changes are rolled out to a small subset of users before a full deployment.

What are microservices, and how do they impact DevOps?

Microservices are small, independent services that allow faster development, scalability, and easier deployments.

How do you manage secrets in DevOps?

Using secret management tools like HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, and Kubernetes Secrets.

What is GitOps?

A DevOps practice where Git is the single source of truth for infrastructure and application deployment.

Why is containerization important in DevOps?

Containers provide portability, consistency, and efficient resource utilization.

What is the 12-Factor App methodology?

A set of best practices for building scalable, cloud-native applications.