What is a network?

A network is a group of interconnected devices that communicate to share resources and information. It can be wired or wireless.

What is an IP address?

An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique numerical identifier assigned to each device on a network to facilitate communication.

What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

• IPv4: 32-bit addressing, supports 4.3 billion addresses.
• IPv6: 128-bit addressing, supports an enormous number of addresses, improving scalability and security.

What are private and public IP addresses?

• Private IPs: Used within local networks (e.g., 192.168.x.x).
• Public IPs: Used on the internet and assigned by ISPs.

What is a subnet mask?

A subnet mask divides an IP address into network and host portions, determining which part identifies the network and which part identifies the device.

What is DHCP, and how does it work?

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automatically assigns IP addresses to devices in a network, reducing manual configuration.

What is DNS, and why is it important?

The Domain Name System (DNS) translates domain names (e.g., google.com) into IP addresses, making it easier to access websites.

What is NAT (Network Address Translation)?

NAT allows multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address for internet access.

What is a firewall?

A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules.

What are the types of firewalls?

• Packet Filtering Firewall
• Stateful Inspection Firewall
• Proxy Firewall
• Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW)

What is a VPN?

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) encrypts internet connections, providing secure remote access and anonymity.

What is SSH, and why is it used?

SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol used for secure remote access to servers using encrypted communication.

What is HTTP and HTTPS?

• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Unencrypted web communication.
• HTTPS (HTTP Secure): Secure, encrypted communication using SSL/TLS.

What is an SSL/TLS certificate?

An SSL/TLS certificate encrypts website traffic, ensuring secure communication and trustworthiness.

What is a load balancer?

A load balancer distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers to optimize performance and availability.

What are different types of load balancers?

• Layer 4 Load Balancer (Transport Layer)
• Layer 7 Load Balancer (Application Layer)

What is a DMZ in networking?

A Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is a security buffer between an internal network and the internet, hosting public-facing services securely.

What is port forwarding?

Port forwarding redirects network traffic from one port to another, often used to expose internal services externally.

What is ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)?

ARP translates IP addresses into MAC addresses to enable communication within a local network.

What is an IDS and IPS?

• IDS (Intrusion Detection System): Monitors network traffic for threats.
• IPS (Intrusion Prevention System): Blocks malicious traffic automatically.